# Day 3:Global infrastructure

## Fault Tolerance

Fault tolerance refers to the ability of a system to continue operating in the event of the failure of some of its components. The **scope** of a fault domain can include:

* Specific servers in a rack
    
* An entire rack in a data center
    
* An entire room in a data center
    
* The entire data center building
    

The definition of a fault domain's boundaries is determined by the Cloud Service Provider (CSP), and AWS implements fault tolerance in various ways.

### Amazon Region: Failure Zones

AWS regions are geographically isolated locations that contain multiple **Availability Zones (AZs)**. By using **Multi-AZ deployments**, AWS ensures high availability and fault tolerance for your applications, allowing services to continue running even if one AZ goes down.

## Amazon Global Network

AWS provides a vast, globally distributed network infrastructure to enhance performance, reliability, and fault tolerance for its users. Some key components include:

### Points of Presence (PoPs)

AWS **Points of Presence (PoPs)** are strategically located facilities that host **CloudFront** edge locations and **Route 53** DNS servers. PoPs enhance content delivery and reduce latency for end users worldwide.

### Tier-1 Network

AWS's **Tier-1 network** refers to its status as a top-level Internet Service Provider (ISP). It is directly interconnected with all other Tier-1 networks, ensuring efficient and resilient global traffic routing.

### AWS Direct Connect

**AWS Direct Connect** is a cloud service that establishes a dedicated, private network connection between your premises and AWS. This connection offers increased bandwidth throughput and a more consistent network experience compared to internet-based connections.

## Global Infrastructure

AWS operates an extensive global infrastructure to support diverse use cases, ranging from low-latency applications to regulatory compliance.

### Direct Connect Locations

AWS provides **Direct Connect** locations around the world where customers can establish dedicated network connections between their on-premises infrastructure and AWS, increasing bandwidth throughput and reducing network costs.

### Local Zones

**AWS Local Zones** place compute, storage, and other select services closer to large population centers, industries, and IT centers, enabling low-latency applications for users in those areas.

### Wavelength Zones

**AWS Wavelength Zones** embed AWS compute and storage services within telecommunications providers' data centers at the edge of the **5G** network. This allows for reduced latency for mobile and connected devices.

### Data Residency

AWS provides **data residency** solutions to help customers ensure their data remains within a specific geographic location to comply with regulatory and compliance requirements.

### AWS for Government

AWS offers cloud services tailored for **government customers**, helping them achieve mission-critical objectives securely and efficiently.

### GovCloud (U.S.)

**AWS GovCloud (U.S.)** regions are designed to host sensitive data and regulated workloads. These regions comply with government regulations such as **ITAR** and **FedRAMP**.

### AWS China

AWS operates regions in China in partnership with local Chinese companies to comply with Chinese regulations, offering cloud services to customers within the country.

### Sustainability

AWS is committed to **sustainability**, with a goal to power its operations with 100% **renewable energy** by 2025. AWS continuously works to improve energy efficiency and reduce its environmental impact.

### AWS Ground Station

**AWS Ground Station** provides a fully managed service that lets customers control satellite communications, process data, and scale operations without having to build or manage their own ground station infrastructure.

### AWS Outposts

**AWS Outposts** extends AWS infrastructure, services, APIs, and tools to virtually any data center or on-premises facility. This enables a truly consistent hybrid cloud experience for users who need both on-premises and cloud resource